What, then, signals that a water system could support Legionella and expose people to aerosol?
Assessors focus on conditions that allow bacteria to grow, spread, and reach the lungs: water held at 20–45°C, poor circulation, and storage or pipework that creates dead legs. They note scale, sludge, corrosion, and biofilm, since these shelter microbes and blunt disinfectant action. They check for intermittent use, seasonal shutdowns, and complex layouts that increase the likelihood of stagnation.
They also map where aerosol is generated, such as showers, spray taps, pressure washers, spas, cooling equipment and who might be exposed nearby. They consider incoming water quality, user susceptibility (older people, smokers, those with weaker immunity), and whether contractors or guests bring unpredictable demand.
Finally, they review equipment condition, access for inspection, and any history of high counts, complaints, or prior incidents on site.